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Leonard Dudley (2012). Mothers of Innovation: How Expanding Social Networks Gave Birth to the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p.4. ISBN 9781443843126. Kline (1985). Research, Invention, Innovation and Production: Models and Reality, Report INN-1, March 1985, Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University.
Blok, Vincent; Lemmens, Pieter (2015), "The Emerging Concept of Responsible Innovation. Three Reasons Why It is Questionable and Calls for a Radical Transformation of the Concept of Innovation", Responsible Innovation 2, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp.19–35, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-17308-5_2, ISBN 978-3-319-17307-8In 2005 Jonathan Huebner, a physicist working at the Pentagon's Naval Air Warfare Center, argued on the basis of both U.S. patents and world technological breakthroughs, per capita, that the rate of human technological innovation peaked in 1873 and has been slowing ever since. [95] [96] In his article, he asked "Will the level of technology reach a maximum and then decline as in the Dark Ages?" [95] In later comments to New Scientist magazine, Huebner clarified that while he believed that we will reach a rate of innovation in 2024 equivalent to that of the Dark Ages, he was not predicting the reoccurrence of the Dark Ages themselves. [97] Bhasin, Kim (2 April 2012). "This Is The Difference Between 'Invention' And 'Innovation' ". Business Insider. Morisson, Arnault (2018). "Knowledge Gatekeepers and Path Development on the Knowledge Periphery: The Case of Ruta N in Medellin, Colombia". Area Development and Policy. 4: 98–115. doi: 10.1080/23792949.2018.1538702. S2CID 169689111. R&D-to-product conversion: This metric is calculated by looking at the ratio of R&D spending (as a portion of sales) to sales from new products. It can show how well your R&D dollars convert to actual sales of new products—and it might reveal that spending more doesn’t necessarily translate into stronger performance. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Grand Challenge Partners Commit to Innovation with New Investments in Breakthrough Science – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation". Gatesfoundation.org. 7 October 2014 . Retrieved 14 March 2016.
TASTING NOTES - Tanqueray No. TEN is an exceptional taste experience with the aroma of citrus fruits and juniper and the flavour of citrus fruits and chamomile flowers.Discover: Are your business, market, and technology R&D efforts actionable and capable of being translated into winning value propositions? Once innovation occurs, innovations may be spread from the innovator to other individuals and groups. This process has been proposed that the lifecycle of innovations can be described using the ' s-curve' or diffusion curve. The s-curve maps growth of revenue or productivity against time. In the early stage of a particular innovation, growth is relatively slow as the new product establishes itself. At some point, customers begin to demand and the product growth increases more rapidly. New incremental innovations or changes to the product allow growth to continue. Towards the end of its lifecycle, growth slows and may even begin to decline. In the later stages, no amount of new investment in that product will yield a normal rate of return. The Mayflower Autonomous Ship is a collaboration between the marine research organization ProMare and IBM, which developed the ship's artificial intelligence systems that will allow it to navigate unassisted across the ocean. The Mayflower team is hoping to revolutionize ocean research by creating an affordable option for scientists to study the ocean without necessarily being on board a ship. Without needing to worry about the logistics for housing people on board, like sleeping, eating and sanitation, the ship can accommodate more technology, like cameras and sensors, and stay out at sea longer. Tasting Notes - intense and persistent fragrance, sweet and fruity character with a taste that recalls natural almonds and is enriched with a pleasant caramel nuance, complemented by a warming sensation