From the World of Percy Jackson: The Sun and the Star (The Nico Di Angelo Adventures)

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Photovoltaics use the sun’s energy to speed up electrons in solar cells and generate electricity. This form of technology has been used widely, and can provide electricity for rural areas, large power stations, buildings, and smaller devices such as parking meters and trash compactors. The sun has not always been a subject of scientific discovery and inquiry. For thousands of years, the sun was known in cultures all over the world as a god, a goddess, and a symbol of life.

many unnecessary Misunderstanding Dramas, which is kind of understandable, since they were two queer teens in their first relationship (& it's good & educational for young readers, how they talk about emotions & relationships without getting to a real fight), but it was dull, & exhausted me & sometimes it didn't feel real. Oh, absolutely. Mark had a lot of fun concocting all sorts of juicy updates for other characters, which I fully endorse! For details, you have to wait and read the book.

Over those five billion years, the sun will go from “yellow dwarf” to “ red giant.” When almost all of the hydrogen in the sun’s core has been consumed, the core will contract and heat up, increasing the amount of nuclear fusion that takes place. The outer layers of the sun will expand from this extra energy. Astronomers, however, call the sun a “yellow dwarf” star because its colors fall within the yellow-green section of the electromagnetic spectrum. The chromosphere gives off jets of burning gases called spicules, similar to solar flares. These fiery wisps of gas reach out from the chromosphere like long, flaming fingers; they are usually about 500 kilometers (310 miles) in diameter. Spicules only last for about 15 minutes, but can reach thousands of kilometers in height before collapsing and dissolving. just watched my favorite character get turned into a cheap, butchered caricature of himself for the sake of “queer rep” After that, the Sun will shed its outer layers, surrounding itself with a colorful bubble of gas called a planetary nebula. As the nebula dissipates, distributing carbon, oxygen, and other elements into the galaxy, only the Sun's collapsed core will remain -- a dense ball no bigger than Earth, containing about 60 percent of the Sun's original mass. This dead remnant is called a white dwarf. Over many billions of years, the white-dwarf Sun will cool and fade from sight, leaving behind a dark cosmic ember. What are sunspots?

The process of nuclear fusion, which creates the heat and light that make life on our planet possible, is also the process that slowly changes the sun’s composition. Through nuclear fusion, the sun is constantly using up the hydrogen in its core: Every second, the sun fuses around 620 million metric tons of hydrogen into helium. The core is the only place where nuclear fusion reactions can happen. The sun’s other layers are heated from the nuclear energy created there. Protons of hydrogen atoms violently collide and fuse, or join together, to create a helium atom. In 150 B.C.E., Greek scholar Claudius Ptolemy created a geocentric model of the solar system in which the moon, planets, and sun revolved around Earth. It was not until the 16th century that Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus used mathematical and scientific reasoning to prove that planets rotated around the sun. This heliocentric model is the one we use today.Mark Oshiro‘s credits include Anger Is a Gift; Each of Us a Desert; The Insiders; You Only Live Once, David Bravo; Star Wars Hunters: Battle for the Arena; and Into the Light (March 2023), in addition to several short stories across a variety of anthologies. A sunspot is just what it sounds like—a dark spot on the sun. A sunspot forms when intense magnetic activity in the convective zone ruptures a thermal column. At the top of the ruptured column (visible in the photosphere), temperature is temporarily decreased because hot gases are not reaching it.

quote is from the heroes of olympus series,,, i’m still shaken on the title’s reference regarding bob’s last words. cus i’m not crying, you are.) Another development in the study of the sun is helioseismology, the study of solar waves. The turbulence of the convective zone is hypothesized to contribute to solar waves that continuously transmit solar material to the outer layers of the sun. By studying these waves, scientists understand more about the sun’s interior and the cause of solar activity. The solar atmosphere is obscured by the bright light emitted by the photosphere, and it can rarely be seen without special instruments. Only during solar eclipses, when the moon moves between Earth and the sun and hides the photosphere, can these layers be seen with the unaided eye.Other parts of the molecular cloud cooled into a disc around the brand-new sun and became planets, asteroids, comets, and other bodies in our solar system. Sunspots are regions on the Sun's visible surface, or "photosphere," where gases have been trapped by magnetic fields. The hotter material bubbling up from the Sun's interior cannot penetrate the strong magnetic fields (about 10,000 times stronger than Earth's), and thus are prevented from reaching the surface. These magnetic areas are cooler (about 6,700 degrees Fahrenheit (3,750 C)) than the rest of the photosphere so they don't glow as brightly. Sunspots are actually quite bright, but appear as dark spots against their much brighter surroundings.