Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (UK)

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for cases under the Lugano Convention, regulation 92 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019.

the Rome II Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council) shall apply in respect of events giving rise to damage, where such events occurred before the end of the transition period. Practitioners should note, however, that both the Rome I and Rome II Regulations apply whether or not the applicable law is the law of an EU member state or not (see Article 2 of Rome I and Article 3 of Rome II). For claims initiated after the end of the transition period, involving an exclusive choice of court agreement entered into from 1 October 2015, in which the chosen court is established in a contracting party to that Convention (which includes all EU member states), the rules of the Hague Convention 2005 on Choice of Court Agreements) apply. Legislation dealing with the “Rome” rules on applicable law is contained in the following statutory instrument: The Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations and Non-Contractual Obligations (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations (SI 2019/834). This instrument amended the Rome I and Rome II Regulations as retained by the EU Withdrawal Act 2018 so that they operate effectively as domestic law and made amendments to other related legislation.

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For contracts concluded, or where an event giving rise to damage occurs, after the end of the transition period, the retained Rome I and Rome II Regulations (and, for relevant old contracts, the Contracts (Applicable Law) Act 1990) as amended by the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations and Non-Contractual Obligations (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (which was further amended by SI 2020/1574) applies to determine applicable law in relation to contractual or non-contractual obligations. The retained versions of Rome I and Rome II Regulations also apply to determine applicable law in the case of intra-UK conflicts of laws (or conflicts of laws between the UK and Gibraltar), where the contract is concluded, or the events giving rise to the damage occurred, before the end of the transition period. 3.2 Cases in an EU member state Article 66 of the Withdrawal Agreement provides that, in EU member states (in cases involving the UK):

the Rome I Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council) continues to apply in respect of contracts concluded before the end of the transition period; Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (SI 2019/479), which was amended by The Jurisdiction, Judgments and Applicable Law (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/1574) Note that the following have been amended with effect from 11pm on 31 December 2020 to ensure in particular that their provisions are consistent with Title VI of the Withdrawal Agreement.UK courts are unable to certify judgments as EEOs, issue EOPs or ESCP judgments. Claims which would have been capable of being pursued in the UK under the EOP or ESCP Regulations prior to the end of the transition period need to be made in the appropriate court as ordinary civil claims. The 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements still applies to the UK (without interruption) from its original entry into force date of 1 October 2015. It was given the force of law in domestic law on 1 January 2021 by the Private International Law (Implementation of Agreements) Act 2020, which also amended the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements 2005) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/1124). Transitional cases in England and Wales

Both Article 67 and regulation 92 include judgments delivered, whether before or after the end of the transition period, by a court in the UK or an EU member state in proceedings commenced before the end of the transition period, but which have not been enforced in an EU member state or the United Kingdom respectively before the end of the transition period. Exclusive choice of court agreements entered into from 1 October 2015 which choose a UK court or the court of an EU member state for the resolution of disputes, will continue to be subject to the terms of the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements. New cases in England and Wales On 8 April 2020, the Government applied for the UK to rejoin the Lugano Convention as an independent contracting state. It is now waiting for the other contracting parties to decide whether to agree to the UK joining the Convention. This guidance will be updated if the UK is able to rejoin this Convention with details of what this will mean for jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in cases to which the Convention applies and confirmation of the date from which this will be effective. 2. Special European procedures Both Article 67 (and 69) and regulation 92 provide that courts in England and Wales will continue to apply the relevant EU rules on jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgments which applied immediately before the end of the transition period (e.g. as appropriate, those of Brussels Ia and the Lugano Convention) to cases where the proceedings were commenced before the end of the transition period. Article 67 (and 69) and regulation 92 also provide that courts in England and Wales will continue to apply the EU rules on recognition and enforcement which applied immediately before the end of the transition period (e.g. those of Brussels Ia and Lugano respectively) where the parties have concluded a court settlement, or formally drawn up or registered an “authentic instrument”, before the end of the transition period, and recognition and enforcement is sought after that date in England or Wales. the Rome 1 Regulation continues to apply in respect of contracts concluded from 17 December 2009 (including after the end of the transition period); and for contractual obligations, Regulation (EC) No 593/2009 (the Rome I Regulation) applies to contracts entered into from 17 December 2009; the 1980 Rome Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations applies to contracts entered into between 1 April 1991 and 16 December 2009);

The treatment of transitional cases (where proceedings commenced before the end of the transition period) is governed by: This statutory instrument also preserves and amends the Rome Convention Rules, which are set out in the Contracts (Applicable Law) Act 1990, so that they still apply to contracts entered into between 1 April 1991 and 16 December 2009. This SI has been amended by The Jurisdiction, Judgments and Applicable Law (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/1574) to ensure in particular that its provisions are consistent with Title VI of the Withdrawal Agreement. Cases in England and Wales for cases under the Brussels 1a Regulation and its predecessors and the EU-Denmark Agreement, Articles 67 and 69 of the Withdrawal Agreement EEOs, EOPs and ESCP judgments issued by EU member state courts are no longer recognised or enforceable in the UK; and Sime, Stuart (2008). A Practical Approach to Civil Procedure. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.135, 153. ISBN 978-0-19-954253-6. External links [ edit ]