Inspired Pain

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Brain activity could be another useful biomarker. Saab and his team, while he was still at Brown University, devised an approach which measures the ebb and flow of a type of brain activity known as theta waves, which the team found were elevated during pain. Saab also found that administering analgesics reduced theta activity to normal levels.

Suggested by: sudden onset shortness of breath, pleural rub, cyanosis, tachycardia, loud P2, associated DVT, or risk factors such as recent surgery, cancer, immobility.Currently in clinical trials in the US and likely to be approved by the FDA within two years is Tozuleristide (BLZ-100), a kind of “tumour paint” derived from scorpion venom. Initially developed at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle and described in the journal Cancer Research in 2007, this drug selectively binds to brain tumour cells, but not healthy ones. This allows brain surgeons to more easily see cancerous tissue during surgery.

Though fictionalized for comedy, Pain Hustlers is still inspired by a true story. Brian Douglas // Netflix Do the Stories Have Similar Endings? The new movie starring Chris Evans and Emily Blunt starts with a declaration that it's "inspired by true events". That's pretty normal for a movie based on real-life events as not everything can be completely accurate to the true story. For the cognitive process of actual physical injury, we take inspiration from the brain's Free Energy Principle (FEP; Friston, 2010). FEP proposes that the brain constantly makes predictions about the outside world, and all senses will receive real sensory information from the external world. If the predictions are consistent with the real sensory information, the brain is in a low-entropy state; if the predictions are inconsistent with the real sensory information, the brain is in a high-entropy state ( Friston et al., 2006; Karl, 2012). Physical injury and other unexpected phenomena all belong to the high-entropy state ( Peters et al., 2017), which indicates that the brain's predictions and sensations are inconsistent at a certain level. As the main brain region associated with pain, the ACC has also been confirmed to be associated with prediction error of different levels by multiple neuroscience studies ( Oliveira et al., 2008; Castellar et al., 2010; Jessup et al., 2010). Inspired by the FEP and ACC function, we summarize a functional connection map of brain regions for cognizing actual physical injury and generating pain experience. In addition, we explored the cognitive processes for potential physical injuries. The experience of pain can be associated with injury-related cues, such as scenes or sounds of injury. The visual or auditory cortex of the brain fires accordingly and establishes synaptic connections with the ACC through associative learning. When a similar cue reappears, the brain uses these synaptic connections to generate a rapid pain experience and avoid potential injury ( Wiech and Tracey, 2013). We simulated the pain-related mechanisms mentioned above with a Spiking Neural Network (SNN), and experimentally validated our model on a real robot. The gold standard for pain analysis currently relies on patients self-reporting how they feel, relying, in different places, on either a numerical scale (0 as no pain, 10 as worst pain), or a system of smiley faces.But Tower's script takes big dramatic license. For example, none of the characters on screen are strict one-to-one representations of Insys employees. "This isn't the Insys story in detail at all," Yates said. "It's inspired by that—the fringes of that industry and how they exploit one very marginal sector of the healthcare industry and make a fortune out of it." Unlike plants, from which people have been isolating specific compounds and turning them into medication for more than 100 years, in animals, specific molecules with medical potential have historically been too difficult to locate or extract. But that’s changing – meaning that while more future diseases are likely to come from animals, some of the most exciting drugs of the future will come from them, too.