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Soral, M. et al. Effectiveness of the analgesia nociception index monitoring in patients who undergo colonoscopy with sedo-analgesia. Turk. J. Anaesthesiol. Reanim. 48, 50–57 (2020).

Not previously identified as an HC, S&J, summary or Direct Measures case as per section 4, 5, 6 and 7 above Merskey, H. et al. Pain terms: A list with definitions and notes on usage. Recommended by the IASP Subcommittee on taxonomy. Pain 6, 249–252 (1979).

Acknowledgments

There is discretion for the Procurator Fiscal to identify any papers which should be retained for a longer period of time. However, closed cases should not be retained in a PF office for longer than 10 years. Any cases which can be justified as being worthy of permanent preservation should be transferred to Dumbarton for onward transmission to NRS. Records relating to trends or developments in political, social, economic or other fields, particularly where they contain unpublished statistical or financial data covering a long period of time or a wide area ANI performed well to detect moderate to severe pain upon arrival in the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU), which was improved with propofol-based (AUC = 0.93) in comparison with halogenated-based anaesthesiaUC = 0.82) 30. Likewise, Boselli et al. 31, demonstrated a high negative predictive value of ANI: ANI ≥ 50, predicting that 92% of patients had appropriate analgesia (NRS ≤ 3) upon arrival in PACU for orthopaedic surgery (AUC = 0.93, 95% CI 0.86–0.97) and otolaryngology surgery (AUC = 0.83, 95% CI 0.75–0.90). ANI measures correlated well with subjective NRS scores in the postoperative period after using volatile agents and opioid-based anaesthesia in another study 39. In two other studies, the measure used in a similar scenario was VAS. Jeanne et al. 42 evidenced no correlation between ANI and VAS scores (Spearman rank test, r 2 = − 0.164, P=0.25) in total knee replacement orthopaedic surgery. Charier et al. 38 also found a similar weak negative correlation (Pearson correlation, r = − 0.15; P=0.006) in surgeries whose general anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia protocols had been left to the anaesthetist's discretion.

Electronic records are subject to the same retention periods as hard copy papers. An exercise has been carried out to identify and electronic records which have not yet been destroyed in line with the agreed retention periods. However, the National Child Abuse Inquiry has requested that records which may be required for their investigations should not be destroyed. COPFS is currently carrying out an exercise to identify the appropriate records and to destroy those which do not fall within the Inquiry’s remit. This Policy Statement and Records Management Manual has been endorsed by the Records Management Network Group and the Executive Board. From a disclosure perspective, deaths papers need to be kept for at least the same length of time as any associated prosecution papers. A record must be retained of all electronic common folders which have been destroyed and the date the destruction took place. Manworren, R. C. B. & Stinson, J. Pediatric pain measurement, assessment, and evaluation. Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. 23, 189–200 (2016).A full list of the paper files is to be made available to all staff involved in the particular area of work. This will be maintained by an identified member of staff. The present study has limitations. Although individuals in the included studies were conscious and reported their pain, the pain stimuli assessed were quite different. Women in labour, patients treated for burns, various elective surgeries, and patients who had received electrical stimuli may exhibit different responses to pain, taking into account the subjective pattern of pain and the influence of nociceptive stimuli. This study provided two subgroups of meta-analysis, but it is necessary to consider that, individually, some included studies 30, 31, 41 demonstrated adequate accuracy and correlation of ANI with subjective measures of pain. If an appeal is lodged, the papers should be retained in PF Offices until conclusion of the appeal. At this stage the papers which only existed in the PF set of papers should be transferred to Crown Office for amalgamation with the Crown Office papers. This would include: This guidance supersedes Crown Office circular 29/2001. High Court case papers and Section 76 case papers

The current definition of pain by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) (2020) is: "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage" 43. For nociception, the concept is “The neural process of encoding noxious stimuli. Note: Consequences of encoding may be autonomic (e.g., elevated blood pressure) or behavioural (motor withdrawal reflex or more complex nocifensive behaviour). Pain sensation is not necessarily implied” 44. These definitions strongly underline the influence of stress and emotions in modifying the correlation of nociception and pain assessment in awake individuals after surgical procedures or painful stimuli. The nature of pain is multifactorial 45. Nociception depends on the trigger, and pain is clearly defined as a subjective experience 46.

Discussion

Chapter 6 of this Manual sets out the retention periods for case-related records. Hard copy paper records will be reviewed in Dumbarton Disposals and local offices for destruction at the appropriate times. The COPFS records management plan sets out the policies and procedures for records creation and the policies and procedures in place to manage those records properly.

Wang, X. et al. The effect of hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass on three electroencephalographic indices assessing analgesia and hypnosis during anesthesia: Consciousness index, nociception index, and bispectral index. Perfusion 35(2), 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267659119864821 (2020). Another vital point is whether the patients were conscious when answering about their pain. Factors such as the patient’s level of awareness and perception of the situation may also impact the final result of pain assessment 39. Different surgical procedures 36, 37, 39, 42 and drugs' residual effect 36 should also be taken into account in assessing pain. It is worth mentioning the negative correlation found in one included study, in which the patients exhibited spontaneous breathing during labour 22. The following systems are also currently in place and a summary of their functions is attached at Annex 2.All subjects in case have a last marking with procedure NPRO or NFUR [1] (applied incorrectly) or a last marking of JUVI or PUPA . These cases are now recorded on FOS and no paper copies are kept. Any associated correspondence which is received hard copy, however, should be scanned into the case directory. Records are retained for the period set out in the Electronic Data Retention Policy set out at 6.70 below. No pro meantime Summary cases are now fully electronic. Any associated hard copy papers should be scanned into the Case Directory and papers destroyed thereafter in local offices. Summary case scanning is not carried out in Dumbarton. Sheriff and jury cases COPFS holds a copy of documents which have been disclosed to the defence. These are basically case documents from FOS/SOS-R, such as witness statements from Police Scotland. We also hold the case information, such a witness name, subject name, production name etc.