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Jeroen Duindam; Jill Diana Harries; Caroline Humfress; Hurvitz Nimrod, eds. (2013). Law and Empire: Ideas, Practices, Actors. Brill. p.113. ISBN 978-90-04-24951-6. Main articles: Jastorf culture, Germanic peoples, Germania, Migration Period, and Frankish Realm A model of Augusta Treverorum, part of the Roman Empire in the 4th century Costigliola, Frank (1976). "The United States and the Reconstruction of Germany in the 1920s". The Business History Review. 50 (4): 477–502. doi: 10.2307/3113137. JSTOR 3113137. S2CID 155602870. Anti-German feeling was so high during World War II that many people actually changed their German surnames. Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (1998). A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change. Routledge. p. 156.

On 11 August 1919, President Friedrich Ebert signed the democratic Weimar Constitution. [63] In the subsequent struggle for power, communists seized power in Bavaria, but conservative elements elsewhere attempted to overthrow the Republic in the Kapp Putsch. Street fighting in the major industrial centres, the occupation of the Ruhr by Belgian and French troops, and a period of hyperinflation followed. A debt restructuring plan and the creation of a new currency in 1924 ushered in the Golden Twenties, an era of artistic innovation and liberal cultural life. [64] [65] [66] At the time of Caesar's invasion, much of Central Europe was inhabited by Celts and strongly influenced by the celtic La Tène material culture. [30] Since at least the 2nd century BC, the Germanic languages associated with these peoples began approaching the Rhine areas. [32] The resulting demographic situation closer to the Romans was likely an assimilation of Celts and migrating Germanic peoples. [30] Scholars generally agree that it is possible to speak of Germanic languages existing as early as 500 BCE. [33] These Germanic languages are believed to have dispersed towards the Rhine from the direction of the Jastorf culture, which was a Celtic influenced culture that existed in the Pre-Roman Iron Age, in the region near the Elbe river. It is likely that first Germanic consonant shift, which defines the Germanic language family, occurred during this period. [34] The earlier Nordic Bronze Age of southern Scandinavia also shows definite population and material continuities with the Jastorf Culture, [35] but it is unclear whether these indicate ethnic continuity. [36] Medieval history Maps depicting the Ostsiedlung, also known as the German eastward settlement. The left map shows the situation in roughly 895 AD; the right map shows it about 1400 AD. Germanic peoples (left map) and Germans (right map) are shown in light red. The Holy Roman Empire after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648 Craig, Gordon Alexander (1983). The Germans. New American Library. ISBN 0452006228. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021 . Retrieved 23 December 2020. Main articles: History of Germany (1945–1990), Allied-occupied Germany, West Germany, and East Germany A map of Germany in 1947, following the end of World War II, including American, Soviet, British, and French occupation zones and the French-controlled Saar Protectorate. Territories east of the Oder-Neisse line were transferred to Poland and the Soviet Union under the terms of the Potsdam Conference. [90] Steuer, Heiko (2021). Germanen aus Sicht der Archäologie: Neue Thesen zu einem alten Thema. de Gruyter.

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a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Germany)". International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023 . Retrieved 10 October 2023.

Main article: Sport in Germany The German national football team after winning the FIFA World Cup for the fourth time in 2014 Religious schism was a leading cause of the Thirty Years' War, a conflict that tore apart the Holy Roman Empire and its neighbours, leading to the death of millions of Germans. The terms of the Peace of Westphalia (1648) ending the war, included a major reduction in the central authority of the Holy Roman Emperor. [42] Among the most powerful German states to emerge in the aftermath was Protestant Prussia, under the rule of the House of Hohenzollern. [43] Charles V and his Habsburg dynasty defended Roman Catholicism. Main articles: German literature and German philosophy Brothers Grimm, who collected and published popular German folk tales YouTube sets this cookie to register a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen. The English term Germans is derived from the ethnonym Germani, which was used for Germanic peoples in ancient times. [24] [25] Since the early modern period, it has been the most common name for the Germans in English. The term Germans may also be applied to any citizens, natives or inhabitants of Germany, regardless of whether they are considered to have German ethnicity.

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The history of Germans as an ethnic group began with the separation of a distinct Kingdom of Germany from the eastern part of the Frankish Empire under the Ottonian dynasty in the 10th century, forming the core of the Holy Roman Empire. In subsequent centuries the political power and population of this empire grew considerably. It expanded eastwards, and eventually a substantial number of Germans migrated further eastwards into Eastern Europe. The empire itself was politically divided between many small princedoms, cities and bishoprics. Following the Reformation in the 16th century, many of these states found themselves in bitter conflict concerning the rise of Protestantism. The 19th century saw the dismemberment of the Holy Roman Empire and the growth of German nationalism. The kingdom of Prussia incorporated most of the Germans into its German Empire in 1871, while a substantial number of Germans also inhabited the multiethnic kingdom of Austria-Hungary. During this time a large number of Germans emigrated to the New World, particularly to the United States, Canada and Brazil, as well as establishing prominent communities in New Zealand and Australia. The Russian Empire also contained a substantial German population.

Basic German and English sentences follow similar structures (subject, verb then object), and verbs are conjugated based on tense. Table B04006 – People Reporting Ancestry – 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022 . Retrieved 29 October 2022. Under Augustus, the Roman Empire began to invade lands inhabited by the Germanic tribes, creating a short-lived Roman province of Germania between the Rhine and Elbe rivers. In 9AD, three Roman legions were defeated by Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. [24] The outcome of this battle dissuaded the Romans from their ambition of conquering Germania, and is thus considered one of the most important events in European history. [25] By 100AD, when Tacitus wrote Germania, Germanic tribes had settled along the Rhine and the Danube (the Limes Germanicus), occupying most of modern Germany. However, Baden-Württemberg, southern Bavaria, southern Hesse and the western Rhineland had been incorporated into Roman provinces. [26] [27] [28] Main articles: Demographics of Germany and Germans A bilingual street sign in both German and Lower Sorbian in Cottbus in Brandenburg

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Moser, Johannes (2011). "Germans". In Cole, Jeffrey (ed.). Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp.171–177. ISBN 978-1598843026. Archived from the original on 10 January 2017 . Retrieved 25 October 2015. How long does it take to learn German? How can I speed up the process? Well, depending on how much time you have and your dedication to learning and immersing yourself in…