100 x Urine Test Strips for Infection Cystitis Testing Sticks, UTI, Nitrite, Leukocytes, 8 Parameter Urinalysis Multisticks

Product Information

Causes of raised specific gravity include dehydration, glycosuria (e.g. diabetes mellitus) and proteinuria (e.g. nephrotic syndrome). Regulating diet mainly controls urinary pH, although using medication can also control it. Diets rich in animal proteins tend to produce acidic urine, while diets mainly composed of vegetables tend to produce alkali urine. [4]

During routine screening, if a positive test for leukocytes, blood, protein, nitrite, and a pH greater than 7 is identified, the urine sediment may be microscopically analysed to further pinpoint a diagnosis.

Exercise & Fitness

hour urine collection for protein electrophoresis (for measuring different components of proteins in urine in evaluating multiple myeloma, kidney inflammation with increased protein loss), or

Diagnosing medical conditions: urinary tract infections, kidney stones, uncontrolled diabetes (high blood sugars), kidney impairment, muscle breakdown ( rhabdomyolysis), protein in urine ( proteinuria), drug screening, and kidney inflammation (glomerulonephritis). In many liver diseases the patients often show signs of pathology only at a late stage. Early diagnosis allows appropriate therapeutic measures to be instituted in good time, avoiding consequential damage and further infections. Intestinal bacteria convert the conjugated bilirubin that is excreted by the bile duct into the intestine into urobilinogen and stercobilinogen. Part of the urobilinogen is reabsorbed in the intestine then circulated in the blood to the liver where it is excreted. A small part of this recirculated urobilinogen is filtered out by the kidneys and appears in urine (less than 1mg/dL urine). The stercobilinogen can not be reabsorbed and remains in the intestine. [15] [16] Once you have interpreted all of the tests, discard the strip into the clinical waste bin along with your PPE.The presence of bilirubin in the urine suggests increased serum levels of conjugated bilirubin, which can occur in conditions such as biliary obstruction (e.g. pancreatic cancer). UTI is short for Urinary Tract Infection, also known as cystitis. UTIs are caused by bacteria, normally from your poo, travelling up your urethra and reaching your urinary tract. It can also be caused by normally harmless bacteria living on your skin getting into your urinary tract. This may happen when you wipe after you use the toilet, or when you are having sex. Glucose in the urine (glycosuria) can occur in pregnancy or patients taking corticosteroids. It may also be indicative of diabetes mellitus but is not a normal constituent of urine. Although glycosuria is an indication of endocrine abnormality, it is not diagnostic and further investigation, such as fasting blood tests, may be required. pH Compendium Urinalysis: Urinalysis with Test Strips. Dr E F Hohenberger, Dr H Kimling (2002) http://www.diavant.com/diavant/servlet/MDBOutput?fileId=1392

Once you have interpreted all of the tests, discard the strip into the clinical waste bin along with your PPE Visual exam. The urine will be looked at for color and clearness. Blood may make urine look red or the color of tea or cola. An infection may make urine look cloudy. Foamy urine can be a sign of kidney problems. Urine production is the process of eliminating waste products and toxic substances to maintain fluid balance in the body ( McLafferty et al, 2014). Urinalysis using a reagent test strip ( Figure 1) is an inexpensive, simple and non-invasive procedure to assess the health status of an individual by measuring elements found in the urine such as electrolytes, hormones or waste products of metabolism ( Yates, 2016). Microscopic: undetectable to the naked eye; reagent strips or a microscope are needed to identify it. Of the routine chemical tests performed on urine, the most indicative of renal disease is the protein determination. Proteinuria is often associated with early renal disease, making the urinary protein test an important part of any physical examination. Normal urine contains very little protein, usually less than 100–300mg/L or 100mg per 24 hours is excreted. This protein consists primarily of low-molecular-weight serum proteins that have been filtered by the glomerulus and proteins produced in the genitourinary tract. Due to its low molecular weight, albumin is the major serum protein found in the plasma, the normal urinary albumin content is low because the majority of albumin presented in the glomerulus is not filtered, and much of the filtered albumin is reabsorbed by the tubules. Other proteins include small amounts of serum and tubular microglobulins. Uromodulin produced by the renal tubular epithelial cells and proteins from prostatic, seminal, and vaginal secretions. Uromodulin is routinely produced in the distal convoluted tube, and forms the matrix of casts.Use the urinalysis guide on the side of the testing strip container to interpret the findings. Different reagent squares on the strip need to be interpreted at different times, so ensure you interpret the correct test at the appropriate time interval (e.g. 60 seconds for protein). Urinalysis can disclose evidence of diseases, even some that have not caused significant signs or symptoms. Therefore, a urinalysis is commonly a part of routine health screening. A urinalysis is a simple test that looks at a small sample of your urine. It can help find problems that need treatment, including infections or kidney problems. It can also help find serious diseases in the early stages, like kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease. A urinalysis is also called a “urine test.” The presence of increased levels of urobilinogen in the urine can be caused by haemolysis (e.g. haemolytic anaemia, malaria).

Elevated protein concentrations produce slightly elevated specific density results as a consequence of the indicator's protein error; in addition, samples with a pH above 6.5 give lower readings as a result of the indicator's bias. For this reason the manufacturers recommend that 5 units are added to the specific gravity reading when the pH is greater than 6.5. [8] Blood [ edit ] a b c Strasinger, Susan K.; Di Lorenzo Schaub, Marjorie (2008). "5". Análisis de orina y de los líquidos corporales (in Spanish) (5ªed.). Editorial panamericana. pp.73–75. ISBN 978-950-06-1938-7 . Retrieved 14 March 2012. Leukocyte esterase is an enzyme produced by neutrophils and therefore, when positive, it indicates the presence of white cells in the urine:Record the result next to the matching colour on the label - this may be given in the form of '+' signs or numbers.