Animal Adaptations: Evolution of Forms and Functions

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Saxena is an Indian surname primarily found in northern and Central India. Kayastha in origin, it derives from the Sanskrit word sakhisena meaning “friend of the army”. [1] Notables [ edit ] Thurjfell, H., Spong, G., Olsson, M. & Ericsson, G. Avoidance of high traffic levels results in lower risk of wild boar-vehicle accidents. Landsc. Urban Plan. 133, 98–104 (2015). Baker, P. J., Dowding, C. V., Molony, S. E., White, P. C. L. & Harris, S. Activity patterns of urban red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) reduces the risk of traffic-induced mortality. Behav. Ecol. 18, 716–724. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arm035 (2007).

Human risk assessment has been investigated to find out the potential hazard resulting from human exposure to poisonous substances present in various foodstuffs and environmental matrices. These investigations are generally used to help with meeting guidelines like those specified by administrative bodies like WHO and numerous others [42]. The major point of human risk evaluation is, to ensure the protection of consumers against the impacts of poisons in water or foods. Thus, it is important to guarantee that contaminants of interest in food or water don’t surpass the normal daily intake.

Dyer, S. J., O’Neill, J. P., Wasel, S. M. & Boutin, S. Quantifying barrier effects of roads and seismic lines on movement of female woodland caribou in northeastern Alberta. Can. J. Zool. 80, 839–845 (2002). Pinealectomy always appeared stimulatory to the testes and pinealectomized squirrels exhibited significant increase in testes weight and seminiferous tubule diameter in comparison to SO controls. Under SP pinealectomized animals showed significantly higher testes weight and seminiferous tubule diameter as compared to SO animals as these were unable to perceive environmental information in the absence of pineal gland. Therefore, they maintained an active gonad as evident by higher testes weight and seminiferous tubule diameter. Hematological profile of mice infected with chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei, treated groups (Group B-G) compared with uninfected, experimental control group A The Indian Roads Congress. Two-Laning of Highways Through Public Private Partnership: Manual of Specifications & Standards. Secretariat for the Committee on Infrastructure Planning Commission, Yojana Bhavan, Parliament Street, New Delhi. (2010). accessed 12 July 2019; https://niti.gov.in/planningcommission.gov.in/docs/sectors/ppp_report/reports_guidelines/Manuals%20of%20Standards%20and%20Specifications/Manual%20of%20Specifications%20&%20Standards%20for%20Two-laning%20of%20Highways.pdf The aqueous extract of A. boonei was formulated in distilled water corresponding to the dosages 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg kg -1 b.wt. of mice and the standard antimalarial Chloroquine (5 mg kg -1 b.wt. of mice) were also prepared.

Avadh Saxena, the American Group Leader of Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Group (T-4) at Los Alamos National Laboratory According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there is at present no proof to propose that COVID-19 can be transmitted through food consumption or food bundling, but food safety practices are highly encouraged [15]. R Studio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA. (2016). accessed 17 Mar 2019; https://www.rstudio.com/ Majumder, A. Prey Selection, Food Habits and Population Structure of Sympatric Carnivores: Tiger Panthera tigris tigris (L.), Leopard Panthera pardus (L.) and Dhole Cuon alpinus (Pallas) in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh (India) (Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 2011).Leblond, M., Dussault, C. & Ouellet, J.-P. Avoidance of roads by large herbivores and its relation to disturbance intensity. J. Zool. 289, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2012.00959.x (2013). Bioaccumulation of these ubiquitous organic pollutants in plants and animals constitute a serious health threat. PAHs are a large category of varied organic compounds, each of them having a minimum of two fused aromatic rings containing mainly carbon and hydrogen atoms in its skeletal structure. PAH generally occur in complex mixtures, which may consist of hundreds of compounds. They are principally framed by deficient ignition or pyrolysis of organic material and during various industrial processes and food handling procedures [21], [22]. These groups of compounds have potentially hazardous effects on the environment and health, as the majority of them are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic [23], [24]. Some studies have reported the mean daily intake of the total PAH fraction to be between 4ng/kg per day (low estimate) and 10ng/kg per day (high estimate) [25]. PN Saxena (1925-1999), Indian academic and founder Chairman of the Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College The present study reveals, for the first time in a tropical mammalian species, that besides aMT there also exists a diurnal rhythm in the sensitivity of the animal to exogenous MT injections. Pinealecomy and constant release of aMT and MT have been reported to cause atrophy of gonad in male European hamsters kept under long photoperiod ( Masson-Pevet et al., 1986). aMT implants have been reported to hasten recrudescence in male hamsters on short days (Turek et al., 1976). aMT implants cause testicular regression in long-day intact. male Peromyscus leucopus ( Johnston et al., 1980; Lynch et al., 1976) but do not retard testicular regression on short days ( Petterborg et al., 1981). Also varied results have been observed on the effects of photoperiod and melatonin on gonadal function of prepubertal and adult animals of Microtus and Peromyscus species. Although in the case of F. pennanti silastic capsule implants of aMT and MT lead to testicular regression in both intact and Px animals, ( Saxena, 1988) the effects of this continuous mode of MI administration under different photoperiods remains to be assessed.