The Building of a Nation: The Growth, Present Condition and Resources of the United States With a Forecast of the Future

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Patel responded saying that this was no time for people like him to think of rest or retirement. That he ought to consider it his bounden duty to work for the consolidation of freedom. Putting nation ahead of personal interests, at just this one direction from Sardar, Menon came on board to accept the secretaryship of the States Ministry. Together with Sardar Patel, Menon played an instrumental role in the integration of 565 princely states into the Union of India in such a short span of time. The decision was not communicated to the Government of India. The first intimation those in the Government had was when it was reported in the newspapers of 17th August. Connor, Walker (18 July 2011). "Nation-Building or Nation-Destroying?". World Politics. 24 (3): 319–355. doi: 10.2307/2009753. JSTOR 2009753. S2CID 154407042. Smith, Anthony D. (2003). Chosen Peoples: Sacred Sources of National Identity. Oxford University Press. Junco, José Alvarez. "The nation-building process in nineteenth-century Spain." in Nationalism and the Nation in the Iberian Peninsula (Routledge, 2020) pp.89–106.

On 15th August, 1947, in an unexpected twist in the saga of Accession, the Nawab of Junagadh acceded to Pakistan. In October, tribal raiders from Pakistan began to enter Kashmir in breach of the Standstill Agreement. On 22nd October, 1947, the raids escalated into an all-out invasion with about 5000 armed tribesmen from Pakistan entering Kashmir in 300 lorries carrying surplus arms and ammunition. On the very same day, the town of Muzzafarabad was seized and burnt. On 24th October, the raiders captured the powerhouse of Mahura and switched off electricity to the capital city plunging Srinagar into darkness. Fearing the worst, Maharaja Hari Singh sent a desperate appeal for help to the Government of India. Huntington believed that while the age of ideology had ended, the world had reverted only to a normal state of affairs characterized by cultural conflict. In his thesis, he argued that the primary axis of conflict in the future will be along cultural and religious lines. The confusion over terminology has meant that more recently, nation-building has come to be used in a completely different context, with reference to what has been succinctly described by its proponents as "the use of armed force in the aftermath of a conflict to underpin an enduring transition to democracy". [21] In this sense nation-building, better referred to as state-building, describes deliberate efforts by a foreign power to construct or install the institutions of a national government, according to a model that may be more familiar to the foreign power but is often considered foreign and even destabilizing. [22] In this sense, state-building is typically characterized by massive investment, military occupation, transitional government, and the use of propaganda to communicate governmental policy. [23] [24] Role of education [ edit ] Anderson introduces an influential definition of nationalism that focuses on the constructed nature of nations, calling them “imagined communities.” He defines the nation as an imagined impersonal community, defined by its common history and perceived distinctiveness, that is believed to exercise the collective right to sovereign control over a given territory.

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See also: Clash of Civilizations, City-state, Virtual community, Tribe (Internet), Global citizenship, Geographic mobility, Transnationalism, Geo-fence, Decentralization, Collective problem solving, and Sociocultural evolution At a meeting on 25th June, 1947, the Cabinet of the Interim Government had accepted the proposal for creation of the States Department to oversee the matter of Accession of States. This department was allocated to Sardar Patel and V.P. Menon was appointed it's Secretary.

Fukuyama, Francis. January/February 2004. "State of the Union: Nation-Building 101", Atlantic Monthly. Most current challenges to nation-states are not new, and some of them are as old as the nation-state itself. However, for several decades, accelerating processes of globalization have challenged nation-states’ capacity to contain, control, and harness flows of people, economic capital, and cultural materials and to confine politics to public spheres and institutions and to relationships with other nation-states. States in different parts of the world vary in their degree of exposure to the pressures induced by globalization, as well as in their ability to resist or adapt to such pressures. Among the pressures imposed in varying degrees on all nation-states are the following. ImmigrationU.S. Trade Policy— Economics". AEI. 15 February 2007. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013 . Retrieved 20 February 2013. Wimmer, Andreas. "Nation building: Why some countries come together while others fall apart." Survival 60.4 (2018): 151–164. Postnationalism is the process or trend by which nation states and national identities lose their importance relative to supranational and global entities. Several factors contribute to its aspects including economic globalization, a rise in importance of multinational corporations, the internationalization of financial markets, the transfer of socio-political power from national authorities to supranational entities, such as multinational corporations, the United Nations and the European Union and the advent of new information and culture technologies such as the Internet. However attachment to citizenship and national identities often remains important. [44] [45] [46] Increasing economic inequality between regions within nation-states and the rise of identity politics since the late 20th century have increased the likelihood of national disintegration in some countries through the development of secessionist aspirations among some ethnic groups, a phenomenon sometimes called Balkanization. Evidence of Balkanization can be observed both in relatively young nation-states in the postcolonial developing world and in established Western nation-states with long traditions of republicanism (e.g., the United Kingdom and Spain). This type of struggle may spill over to other nation-states through the spread of information and images via international media channels and the new social media. Cultural globalization

nation, n. (14c) 1. A large group of people having a common origin, language, and tradition and usu. constituting a political entity. • When a nation is coincident with a state, the term nation-state is often used.... Eric Martin, "Nation building in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Cooperation, coordination and collaboration." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 2.2 (2007): 7-22 online. James, Paul (1996). Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community. London: Sage Publications. Learn more about how countries decide where to locate their capital cities. (more) See all videos for this article

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There is an ongoing debate about the future of nations − about whether this framework will persist as is and whether there are viable or developing alternatives. [41] Smith, Anthony D. (2000). The Nation in History: Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and Nationalism. Hanover: University Press of New England. ISBN 9781584650409. In his article, "The Mosaic Moment: An Early Modernist Critique of the Modernist Theory of Nationalism", Philip S. Gorski argues that the first modern nation-state was the Dutch Republic, created by a fully modern political nationalism rooted in the model of biblical nationalism. [25] In a 2013 article "Biblical nationalism and the sixteenth-century states", Diana Muir Appelbaum expands Gorski's argument to apply to a series of new, Protestant, sixteenth-century nation states. [26] A similar, albeit broader, argument was made by Anthony D. Smith in his books, Chosen Peoples: Sacred Sources of National Identity and Myths and Memories of the Nation. [27] [28] Appelbaum, Diana Muir (2013). "Biblical nationalism and the sixteenth-century states". National Identities. Vol.15. p.317.

Mylonas, Harris (2012). The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities. New York: Cambridge University Press. p.xx. ISBN 978-1107661998. A nation is generally more overtly political than an ethnic group. [2] [3] Benedict Anderson defines a nation as "an imagined political community […] imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion”. [4] Gorski, Philip S. (2000). "The Mosaic Moment: An Early Modernist Critique of the Modernist Theory of Nationalism". American Journal of Sociology. 105 (5): 1428–68. doi: 10.1086/210435. JSTOR 3003771. S2CID 144002511. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022 . Retrieved 27 April 2023. Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250, Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge University Press. pp.221–222. ISBN 9780521815390 . Retrieved 11 February 2015– via Google Books.Between the years 1947 and 1949, 565 princely states were integrated to join the Indian Union in record time.