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Beavers are herbivores, feeding entirely on plants. In summer, they prefer pond weeds, grasses, leaves and other parts of plants. In winter they eat the bark of trees, favoring willow, poplars and alder. They have iron in the enamel on their teeth, which gives them extra strength for gnawing through wood, as well as making them a distinctive orange colour. They are crepuscular, meaning they are most active at dawn and dusk. You can remove trees that beavers have felled without a licence, but this may increase the chance of beavers felling more trees for food and building materials. Continue to manage your land without a licence Place flags 5m from beaver activity or structures to help you spot hazards and protect your machinery from damage. Avoid using heavy machinery or deep ploughing within 10m of a watercourse where there might be beavers, where possible. Modify or remove a beaver dam without a licence Callahan, M. (April 2005). "Best Management Solutions for Beaver Problems" (PDF). Association of Massachusetts Wetland Scientists: 12–14. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Various Native American groups have historically hunted beavers for food. [123] Beaver meat was advantageous, being more calorie-rich and fattened than other red meats, and the animals remained plump in winter, when they were most hunted. The bones were used to make tools. [128] [123] In medieval Europe, the Catholic Church considered the beaver to be part mammal and part fish, and allowed followers to eat the scaly, fishlike tail on meatless Fridays during Lent. Beaver tails were thus highly-prized in Europe; they were described by French naturalist Pierre Belon as tasting like a "nicely dressed eel". [129]
You must take care using electric fencing. Electric fencing can injure and kill beavers and other animals. You should not use electric fencing as a way of managing beavers and never as a permanent structure. Cieply, Michael. "Uneven Growth for Film Studio With a Message". The New York Times. June 5, 2011. Accessed 2011-06-06.Dams can sometimes be a barrier to migratory fish. Leaving a beaver dam in place may push water around the sides of the dam which can create new passage routes for fish. You should leave the dam in place, if possible. Protects beavers from ‘unnecessary suffering’ while they are ‘under the control of man’ or not living in a wild state. The Wild Mammals (Protection) Act 1996 a b "Castor fiber". ITIS. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020 . Retrieved September 21, 2020.
a b Francis, Margot (2004). "The Strange Career of the Canadian Beaver: Anthropomorphic Discourses and Imperial History". Journal of Historical Sociology. 17 (2–3): 209–239. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6443.2004.00231.x. If beavers could affect your property or business, there are ways you can manage beaver activity without needing a licence from Natural England. Make a natural space for beavers Doronina, Liliya; Matzke, Andreas; Churakov, Gennady; Stoll, Monika; Huge, Andreas; Schmitz, Jürgen (2017). "The beaver's phylogenetic lineage illuminated by retroposon reads". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 43562. Bibcode: 2017NatSR...743562D. doi: 10.1038/srep43562. PMC 5335264. PMID 28256552. Hunt, Kate (June 30, 2020). "Beavers are gnawing away at the Arctic permafrost, and that's bad for the planet". CNN . Retrieved March 11, 2021. The law protects salmon and trout migration routes from obstruction. This only applies to human-made structures and not beaver dams. If your actions to manage beaver activity cause an obstruction to fish migration, you will need to find a way to allow fish to pass the structure. Get permission to work in vulnerable or protected areas
More guidance is available on permissions you may require to do work in or around a watercourse. Legislation protecting beavers and the environment Lahti, S.; Helminen, M. (1974). "The beaver Castor fiber (L.) and Castor canadensis (Kuhl) in Finland". Acta Theriologica. 19 (4): 177–189. doi: 10.4098/AT.ARCH.74-13.
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