Joined in 2023 
82 
63 About this deal
Brain health: One research paper suggests jujube may have brain-boosting effects, including improving memory and learning potential. One of the traditional medicinal uses of jujube is as a laxative. While there’s been little research on its laxative effect on people, you may want to be careful with the amount of jujube fruit that you eat.
In this study, a native Chinese winter jujube was used to investigate the potential effects of CAP treatment on the postharvest quality and genes expression. Our results proved that 5-, 10-, and 20-min CAP pretreatment showed no differences on moisture content and total native aerobic bacterial count during 15-day cold storage. However, some meaningful findings were obtained that suitable CAP treatment (10 and 20 min) could reduce oxidative damage and maintain high-level TPC and antioxidant activity through improving key genes’ expression. Taken together, our work demonstrated that CAP treatment can act as a prospective tool to preserve the postharvest qualities of fruits and vegetables. In the later researches, comprehensive effects of CAP on postharvest quality of fruit and vegetable should be further studied including sensory evaluation, color, aroma, texture, polyphenol oxidases, antioxidant enzymes, and cuticle, etc. Data Availability Statement According to the previous studies, H 2O 2 is a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by stress response in the cells of fruit and vegetable when meet injure, whereas MDA is the main by-product of cell membrane lipid peroxidation in fruits ( 50). Thus, the H 2O 2 and MDA content can reflect the cell membrane permeability, degree of oxidative damage, and fruit aging. Our results showed that short-time CAP treatment could induce seriously the oxidative stress response and increase H 2O 2 content, whereas CAP treatment for a longer time would decrease H 2O 2 content ( Figure 5A). This may be due to longer time exposure can produce more ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which could effectively lead to serious stress response, so that improve the antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Rather, short-time treatment could only increase the H 2O 2 content and further damage the cell membrane and other tissues of fruits. Besides, the MDA content in our study was first decreased and then increased with a dynamically change trend ( Figure 5B). This may be due to CAP treatment not only improved the antioxidant enzymes activity, but also inhibited the lipid peroxidase enzyme expression in jujube during storage. Our results were identical to previous studies, which pointed out that dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment for 10 min can inactivate the litchi peroxidase (POD) to 47.16% ( 51). Conclusion This work is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030313305), Natural Science Foundation of China (81804052), Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan Project (JSGG20191129102216637 and ZDSYS201606081515458), Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province (20201320) to JC. Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (ZDSYS201707281432317; JCYJ20170413173747440; JCYJ20180306174903174), China Post-doctoral Science Foundation (2019M653087), Zhongshan Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (ZSST20SC03); Guangzhou Science and Technology Committee Research Grant (GZSTI16SC02; GZSTI17SC02); Hong Kong RGC Theme-based Research Scheme (T13-605/18-W); Hong Kong Innovation Technology Fund (UIM/340, UIM/385, ITS/500/18FP; TCPD/17-9); TUYF19SC02, PD18SC01 and HMRF18SC06 to KT. Conflict of Interest where M 0 and M f symbolize the weight of jujubes before and after hot air-drying treatment, respectively. Total Aerobic Bacterial (TAB) Count DeterminationHeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has a vital role in metabolizing heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide and free iron. Biliverdin is immediately conversed to bilirubin, as catalyzed by biliverdin reductase containing two isozymes, i.e., biliverdin reductase A and B. Free iron is released to blood circulation by ferroportin and further carried to bone marrow ( Kovtunovych et al., 2010). Therefore, HO-1, biliverdin reductase and ferropotin are considered as the main target enzymes in determining the iron recycling in macrophages. Jujube extract at different concentration (0–3.0mg/ml) was applied onto cultured macrophages for 24h. The applied jujube extract stimulated the mRNA expressions of HO-1, biliverdin reductase A and B, and ferropotin in dose-dependent manners, giving the highest response by ∼2.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 folds, respectively ( Chen J. et al., 2016). In good agreement with this finding, Yang et al. (2016) reported that the intake of jujube extract showed an improvement in iron deficiency anemia rats. In parallel, the extract of jujube significantly increased serum iron, iron saturation, total iron binding capacity in anemia rats, indicating the supply of circulation iron for erythropoiesis. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, was found to regulate HO-1 expression ( Motohashi and Yamamoto, 2004). Nrf2 directly binds to anti-oxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter region of HO-1 gene resulting in the transcription. In pARE-Luc-expressed cells treated with jujube water extract, the luciferase assay was activated in a dose-dependent manner ( Chen J. et al., 2016). The activation by two folds was confirmed under application of jujube extract at 3.0mg/ml ( Chen J. et al., 2016). This result suggests the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in jujube-treated cells. In support of this notion, Almeer et al. (2018) revealed the effects of jujube extract on gene expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in colitis rats, as induced by treating intrarectally with acetic acid. Compared with model group, the pre-treatment with jujube extract at different doses (100, 200, and 400mg/kg/day) in colon of rats for 5days by oral gavage significantly induced mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1, giving the highest response by seven and two folds, respectively ( Almeer et al., 2018). These studies however need further confirmation as no observation has been found in a physiology model of iron recycling. For instance, a cellular model of erythrophagocytosis using artificially-aged RBCs and macrophages may be designed to investigate mRNA and protein expressions of target enzymes relating to iron recycling. Jujube on Immune Functions Experts say that you may also want to avoid eating jujube fruit if you take antidepressant drugs like venlafaxine. Jujube may interact with such drugs. You should aim for 25 to 35 grams of fiber a day. A diet that’s high in fiber has many benefits, including: Winter jujube was harvested from an orchard located Dali, Shaanxi, China and immediately transported to our laboratory within 3 days. A total of 700 jujubes (weight: 12–16 g) of uniform size, color, and without visual defects were collected and randomly allocated into four groups of 175 fruit each. Cancer: One group of researchers tested jujube’s effects on human cervical and breast cancer cells. Their results suggest jujube may hold promise in preventing or treating cancer. It’s important to note these studies were conducted in isolated cancer cells (think: Petri dishes, not people).
Ziziphus jujuba". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 11 December 2017. The TPC of jujubes was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method according to Dzimitrowicz et al., with some modifications ( 36). About 0.1 g of freeze-dried jujube powder was blended with 1.6 ml of 60% ethanol solution, ultrasonic extracted at 40°C for 2 h, and centrifuged at 5,600 × g for 15 min to obtain the TPC extract. Subsequently, 200 μl of extract was brought into a 10-ml tube, and 2 ml of 0.2 M Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was added and vortexed thoroughly. After 5 min, 2 ml of 7.5% (w/v) sodium carbonate solution and 2.8 ml of deionized water were further added and mixed vigorously and put in a darkroom for 30 min. Finally, the absorbance was measured at 765 nm in a microplate reader (CLARIO star, Munich, Germany) with gallic acid used as the standard for calibration curve. The TPC was expressed as g gallic acid equivalence per kg of dry weight (g GAE kg –1 DW). Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) In this study, three exposure times of CAP treatment have been used to delay the ripening and senescence of jujube during 15-day storage at 4°C and 90% RH. The results were evident that CAP treatment can reduce the postharvest quality losses and improve oxidative stress response of jujube. As shown in Figure 1, CAP treatment presented a time-dependent manner to postpone turning red and shrinking progress of jujube during 15-day storage. The result was in line with previous study which stated that cherry tomatoes pretreated by CAP activated water still displayed higher acceptable after storage for 14 days ( 40). Phenolic compounds, or phenols, are powerful antioxidants, which means they help fight the effects of free radicals throughout your body. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to apply CAP pretreatment to delay ripening and senescence of jujube. Finally, our work will provide a theoretical support for proposing CAP as an effective storage and preservation strategy for jujube fruit. Materials and Methods Jujube ProcessingThe ultimate source of the name is Ancient Greek ζίζυφον zízyphon. [8] This was borrowed into Classical Latin as zizyphum (used for the fruit) and zizyphus (the tree). A descendant of the Latin word into a Romance language, which may have been French jujube or medieval Latin jujuba, in turn gave rise to the common English jujube. [3] This name is not related to jojoba, which is a loan from Spanish jojoba, itself borrowed from hohohwi, the name of that plant in a Native American language. [9] [ which?]
In Vietnam and Taiwan, fully mature, nearly ripe fruit is harvested and sold on the local markets and also exported to Southeast Asian countries. [21] The dried fruit is used in desserts in China and Vietnam, such as ching bo leung, a cold beverage that includes the dried jujube, longan, fresh seaweed, barley, and lotus seeds. [21] It comes down to the pros and the cons of nutritional benefits versus accessibility,” Thomsen Ferreira advises. “You can get a similar amount of vitamin C and potassium from other foods that are more readily available in certain areas than jujube.” With the passage of time your bones become weak and including jujube in your diet can help you to stay away from bone diseases such as osteoporosis. As it contains rich amounts of calcium, minerals, phosphorous and iron, eating the fruit daily can help steer your clear of a lot of bone related health complications. 3. Good for Eliminating Anxiety and Stress When products like jujube are used for certain purposes over hundreds of years, there’s often good reason for it,” says registered dietitian Sarah Thomsen Ferreira, RD, LD. “Foods tend to gain a reputation for a reason, so their historical use can be informative. Research data on Jujube in human health, however, is limited.” The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors. Author ContributionsJujube has long been used in China and other parts of Asia as a remedy for insomnia, anxiety and more. But major scientific research on jujube’s effects has yet to materialize. Some small studies at the cellular level and in non-human models have shown some promise, but much more is yet to be understood about the health benefits of jujube. Jujube fruit has been eaten and used in traditional medicine for over 3,000 years. Today, it is popular all over the world. The hydroalcoholic extract of jujube at 200–400mg/kg was applied onto acute and chronic rat models of inflammation. The study revealed that jujube extract markedly declined granuloma tissue formation, as compared with model rat. Serum nitrite/nitrate level was notably up regulated in inflammatory rat; while pre-treatment with jujube significantly reduced the increased level of nitrite/nitrate ( Goyal et al., 2011). These findings suggest the anti-inflammatory effects of jujube. In line with this, the applied jujube extract at 100–500μg/ml inhibited nitric oxide production and splenocyte proliferation on the inflammatory activated cells ( Yu et al., 2012). The excessive induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-1β and IL-6, also contributes to chronic inflammation. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages, the pre-treatment with jujube water extract repressed the expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 ( Chen et al., 2014a). Besides, the triterpene acid fraction of jujube at a dose higher than 10μg/ml was able to inhibit the production TNF-α ( Yu et al., 2012). NF-κB is one of main transcription factors that has vital role in controlling pro-inflammatory cytokine production ( Du et al., 2013). The treatment with jujube extract slightly inhibited NF-κB activity. On the other hand, the pre-treatment with jujube water extract (0–3mg/ml) for 3h in cultured macrophages, before the addition of LPS at 1μg/ml for 24h, dose-dependently repressed the activation of NF-κB activity. The reduction at 60% was observed under the pre-treatment of extract at 3mg/ml ( Chen et al., 2014a). In parallel, the anti-inflammatory property of jujube was shown in colitis-associated colon cancer mice ( Periasamy et al., 2020). In this study, mice were injected with azoxymethane followed by three cycles of dextran sulfate sodium, as to induce colitis-associated colon, before the intake of jujube extract for 70days. The results showed that dietary jujube intake could attenuate inflammation in model mice. Moreover, the extract of jujube markedly inhibited the protein expressions of IL-6, NF-κB, JAK1, and STAT3 in colon tissues, as compared with model group. This result suggests that jujube can suppress the stimulation of NF-κB/IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling ( Periasamy et al., 2020). Jujube in Blood Circulation The commercial jujube candy popular in movie theaters originally contained jujube juice but now uses other flavorings. In addition, jujube was reported to contain numerous minerals, e.g., iron and vitamin. About 0.48mg iron and 69mg vitamin C per 100g of fresh fruit were reported ( Li et al., 2007; USDA, 2012). Thus, the daily intake of jujube could increase our dietary iron and vitamin, as to prevent anemia due to deficiency of iron or vitamin C. Moreover, cAMP was found to have high abundance in jujube, and surprisingly this content was much higher than other horticultural fruits ( Hanabusa et al., 1981). It is well accepted that increasing cAMP level can stimulate protein kinase A and, subsequently, which phosphorylates CREB ( Argyrousi et al., 2020). Besides, jujube cAMP has been found to possess anti-melancholic effect in animal model of depression ( Chi and Zhang, 2009). Thus, it is supposed that the cAMP in the jujube may account for its role on HIF (hypoxia inducible factor)-dependent EPO induction. Jujube on Erythropoiesis
Great Deal 
New Comment