Scale: The Universal Laws of Life and Death in Organisms, Cities and Companies

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In the earliest stages of the universe, tiny fluctuations within the universe's density led to concentrations of dark matter gradually forming. Ordinary matter, attracted to these by gravity, formed large gas clouds and eventually, stars and galaxies, where the dark matter was most dense, and voids where it was least dense. After around 100–300 million years, [44] :333 the first stars formed, known as Population III stars. These were probably very massive, luminous, non metallic and short-lived. They were responsible for the gradual reionization of the universe between about 200–500 million years and 1 billion years, and also for seeding the universe with elements heavier than helium, through stellar nucleosynthesis. [45]

When I saw "Category 5" I thought he meant Category_5_cable... 162.158.158.105 15:46, 7 July 2020 (UTC) The night sky full of stars that we see is actually an aggregation of light released from stars of differing ages in the distant past. That's how in some school courses they "grade on a curve" where if no one can get a perfect score on a test, they change the score so the highest existing score is changed to 100, and all the other people who took the test also have the same amount added to their score (or at least that's the way I'm most familiar with, it might be possible to do so with a somewhat different method). Thus they can have an unreasonably difficult test without causing abnormally low scores that will cause tons of students to get failing grades.-- 162.158.75.134 17:25, 7 July 2020 (UTC) The "curve" technically refers to a bell curve; that is adjusting the letter grades by organizing the students into bins based on that distribution (the ~68% of students nearest the average grade get a C, then the 14% just above that get a B and the top 2% get an A, and the same pattern going down for D and F). However most instructors who say they "grade on a curve" don't do that since grades rarely fit that curve, and this often unfairly punishes students who performed well but weren't the top score. EG if the scores are all between 90% and 100% correct then the student(s) who got 90% correct will receive an F. Most of my experience with "grading on a curve" has been that the instructor sets the highest score achieved to represent 100%, but I have also had professors who adjust the grading bands so most students get a B or better. The latter method avoids forcing a failing mark on students who just happened to get the lowest score, but unlike adjusting the 100% level down it provides no benefit to someone who did significantly worse than their peers. 162.158.78.10 13:12, 8 July 2020 (UTC) Crellin DJ, Harrison D, Santamaria N, Huque H, Babl FE. The psychometric properties of the FLACC scale used to assess procedural pain. J Pain. 2018;19(8):862-872. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.02.013 In other words, we ourselves are community of microbes, and therefore we are microcosms which are repeatedly born and destroyed just like the universe.

London Eye

Because of the power of the constant and fastest entity, light, we can amuse ourselves by connecting the random arrays of the stars we see and attributing to them stories and relational meaning.

Of the four fundamental interactions, gravitation is the dominant at astronomical length scales. Gravity's effects are cumulative; by contrast, the effects of positive and negative charges tend to cancel one another, making electromagnetism relatively insignificant on astronomical length scales. The remaining two interactions, the weak and strong nuclear forces, decline very rapidly with distance; their effects are confined mainly to sub-atomic length scales. [47] :1470 Today, using a microscope with the highest amplification powers available, the limit to what we can ‘see’ is the atom at best.F, A+ S - Schools in Japan may use the S grading, which is said to stand for "superior", implying “even better than A.” The expression S is also used in daily life, generally perceived as an S in special or super, here unrelated to the academic grading system. For example, the most expensive seat in a theater (e.g. a balcony seat) may be called S-seki (lit. “S seat”) in Japanese, while the second most expensive seat may be called A-seki. Many video games also use S grading, and some (such as Beat Saber and Dance Dance Revolution) use SS, SSS, and even more S's as ranks above that (though these are not shown in the webcomic). A possibly related expression is “Super S” as in Sailor Moon SuperS. Star rating 1 star, 2 stars, 3 stars, 4 stars, frequently used to rate restaurants, films etc. 5 star is omitted, probably due to Randall's opinion that items with 5 stars tend to only have had one rater and aren't trustworthy. Conservation status (this is only a subset of the nine groups in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species) The Convention of Meter, concluded in France in 1875, established a single-unit system to be shared and comparable on the international level. There are many competing hypotheses about the ultimate fate of the universe and about what, if anything, preceded the Big Bang, while other physicists and philosophers refuse to speculate, doubting that information about prior states will ever be accessible. Some physicists have suggested various multiverse hypotheses, in which our universe might be one among many universes that likewise exist. [3] [19] [20] Part of a series on The spatial region that can be observed with telescopes is called the observable universe, which depends on the location of the observer. The word universe derives from the Old French word univers, which in turn derives from the Latin word universus, meaning 'combined into one'. [31] The Latin word 'universum' was used by Cicero and later Latin authors in many of the same senses as the modern English word is used. [32] Synonyms