Devil's Teeth: A True Story of Obsession and Survival Among America's Great White Sharks

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Due to the near ubiquity of having alveolar bone margins located apically to the cementoenamel junctions, relative alveolar bone loss between contralateral counterparts and alveolar margin recession resulting in furcation involvement or exposure was categorized as evidence of pathological bone loss. Asymmetrical relative alveolar bone recession was identified in 141 of 992 (14.2%) fully erupted teeth with an intact supragingival component, the majority of which were premolar ( n = 25, 31.9%) or molar teeth ( n = 67, 47.5%). Involvement or exposure of the furcation was seen in 54 of 204 (26.4%) of premolar teeth and 24 of 428 (5.6%) of molar teeth. In 2021 The New York Daily News mentions that the organization, named Justice for Jeannette DePalma", [5] "is dedicated to keeping her memory alive." [5] "The organizers are continuing to look for clues, even as the case approaches the half-century mark." [5] Newberry, Laura (July 7, 2019). "The U.S. wants to dump 1.5 tons of rat poison pellets on the Farallon Islands. Biologists say it's for the best". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved July 7, 2019. Freeman Hunt (1846). "First Trading Settlement on the Columbia River". Merchants' Marine and Commercial Review. New York. 14: 202 . Retrieved April 9, 2010. a b c d e f "JUSTICE STORY: Satan worshipers blamed for murder of New Jersey teen on Devil's Teeth cliff". New York Daily News. 8 August 2021 . Retrieved 2023-01-30.

Eighteen specimens had fractures of the skull, all of which had sharply demarcated separation lines and no evidence of callus or remodeling. Fourteen of these skulls bore fractures to the ventral aspects of the tympanic bullae, either unilaterally (three of the right, two of the left) or bilaterally (nine). Other fractures and separations were observed as follows: the alveolar juga of the missing left maxillary canine tooth; alveolar bone fractures distal to the left mandibular third premolar and right mandibular first premolar teeth; right mandibular fossa and zygomatic process of the temporal bone, as well as the alveolar jugae of the left maxillary third premolar to first molar teeth; left retroarticular process; the retroarticular processes bilaterally; buccal alveolar bone fracture of the right maxillary first and second incisor teeth; the left retroarticular process and right coronoid process; comminuted right frontal bone fracture affecting the calvarium and medial orbit, as well as mandibular symphyseal separation held together with a bridging wire fastened to the ventral cortices; and maxillary suture separation along with a fractured dorsal nasal bridge. Approximately one-by-one-millimeter shallow circular defects that may have been historically used as seating points for mounting and display apparatuses were found bilaterally in the mandibular fossae of the temporal bones of 26 specimens and in the condylar processes of the mandibles in 22 specimens ( Figure 6D). Linear fractures, identified as the presence of a fracture line along the long axis of the tooth not associated with any loss of tooth material or radiographic evidence of endodontic disease, were found in 46 teeth ( Figure 6E). Because these defects were strongly suspected to be strictly artifactual in nature and were presumed to have occurred during postmortem handling, they were excluded from further analysis on periodontal and endodontic disease. National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009. of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesRadiographically, the mandibular symphysis was found to undergo variable degrees of fusion across different specimens. This was subjectively categorized as complete fusion ( n = 10), partial fusion ( n = 13), and no evidence of fusion ( n = 4). One skull had undergone mandibular symphyseal separation and the mandibles were artificially joined with wire, and as such the degree of previous mandibular symphyseal fusion could not be determined. Twenty-eight Tasmanian devil skulls were examined, with a total of 1,028 teeth present in whole or in part available for examination. Three of the skulls were labeled as female in the accompanying museum records, with an additional three described as potential females; the remaining 22 did not have a known or suspected sex identified. Twenty-two of the specimens were recovered in the year 1866, with an additional five having been recovered after that date and one with an unknown recovery date. The average skull length and width were 12.3 (±1.0) and 9.7 (±0.9) respectively, with a mean skull index of 79.2 (±4.9). No significant difference was identified when the skull measurements were assessed specifically among the known and suspected females compared to the rest of the study population (skull length 11.9 ± 0.5 p = 0.302, skull width 9.6 ± 0.4 p = 0.701, skull index 80.7 ± 6.5 p = 0.371). A Fata Morgana mirage of the Farallon Islands is occasionally visible from the mainland, so the Native Americans who lived in the San Francisco area were aware of them, and believed them to be an abode of the spirits of the dead. They are not believed to have traveled to the islands. [7] [8] [9]

Niemiec B. Oral radiology and imaging. In: Lobprise HB, Dodd JR, editors. Wiggs Veterinary Dentistry: Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2019). p. 41–62. Quarry located in Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey, US The Houdaille Quarry sits directly to the left of the Springfield dot marking the Hobart Gap, in the first Watchung MountainSL prepared the manuscript. NF and SP contributed equally to its conceptual development and editorial process. LV facilitated and supervised data collection and reviewed the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Funding

The Farallon Islands National Wildlife Refuge is one of 63 national wildlife refuges that have congressionally designated wilderness status. [5] In 1974, the Farallon Wilderness was established ( Public Law 93-550) and includes all islands except the Southeast Island for a total of 141 acres (57ha). [6] Additionally, waters surrounding the islands are protected as part of the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary.Solé F, Ladevèze S. Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars. Evol Dev. (2017) 19:56–68. doi: 10.1111/ede.12219

Wroe S, McHenry C, Thomason J. Bite club: comparative bite force in big biting mammals and the prediction of predatory behaviour in fossil taxa. Proc R Soc B. (2005) 272:619–25 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2986 They were formerly part of District 1 (Northwest), [ citation needed] also called The Richmond District. Auguste Duhaut-Cilly (1997). August Fruge; Neal Harlow (eds.). A Voyage to California, the Sandwich Islands, and Around the World in the Years 1826–1829. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p.123. ISBN 978-0-520-21752-2 . Retrieved September 20, 2011. Vancouver Maritime Museum (2011). "Malahat". Vancouver Maritime Museum. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008 . Retrieved March 24, 2011.Fimrite, Peter (December 14, 2005). "Daring rescue of whale off Farallones". San Francisco Chronicle. Farallon Islands – Gulf of the Farallones". SF Bay Adventures. Archived from the original on February 8, 2015 . Retrieved February 8, 2015. With regards to normal anatomical skull features, the significance of incongruent sizes of palatine fissures and vacuities is unknown. The thinness of the bone in this location also made it difficult to determine whether some of these differences were due to the result of trauma during postmortem handling and may require histopathologic analysis for definitive assessment. Although found in many vertebrate taxa, the function of the palatine vacuities is not well-defined, apart from anuran amphibians that retract their globes into relatively large palatine vacuities during swallowing ( 32, 33). Whole head specimen dissection or diagnostic imaging assessment such as computed tomography may be helpful in identification of other anatomical features such as the presence of neural, vascular, or other structures penetrate these palatine openings and thus inform about their function. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of the variation in loss of nasal turbinate architecture in Tasmanian devil skulls, as well as deviation of the nasal septum, but due to the delicate nature of these bones and the age of many of these specimens, it is unknown how much of this can be attributed to postmortem loss. Comparison with living or more recent specimens would be valuable to determine the true incidence and clinical significance of such findings.