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There is a wide variation between what various syllabuses might want you to know about this, and it is is essential that you find out what level of detail your examiners want. The more you have to learn, the more confusing it can get. Again, the precipitates are the metal hydroxides. Remember that ammonia solution contains some hydroxide ions. These tests for metal ions are always done in solution and adding either sodium hydroxide solution or ammonia solution.

grades 9–12 K12 advanced subsidiary chemistry course etc. and help you to identify unknown inorganic and organic With this test, you can compare the reaction time of one person at different times or compare the results of different people.Ammonia solution contains far fewer hydroxide ions than sodium hydroxide solution of the same concentration. So you don't form enough calcium hydroxide to form a reasonable precipitate. So both of these give a white precipitate of the metal hydroxide and they both dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide to give a colourless solution. This also works perfectly well if you add the sodium hydroxide solution to some solid containing ammonium ions and warm that mixture. There are two useful short pieces of video showing what happens in these reactions. They look at the aluminium ion reactions first, followed by the zinc ion reactions. In each case the formation of the precipitates involves exactly the same chemistry as with sodium hydroxide solution. All that matters is the presence of the hydroxide ions, not where they came from.

They dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide solution to produce soluble complex ions in which hydroxide groups are bound to the metal ion.Most sulfates, including those of \(\ce{Na