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Cedroni, Claudio (2011). Il Settimino di ocarine: Storia di una tradizione italiana (in Italian). Edizioni Sonic Press. The Huacca, pronounced 'waka', is a vessel flute with multiple chambers tuned to play in harmony. They are similar to harmony ocarinas, but the term 'huacca' refers to a specific design that is relatively standardised, and worth using to avoid confusion. The borrindo is a simple hollow clay ball with three to four fingering holes, one hole slightly larger than the other three, which are smaller and of equal size to one another. [ vague] The holes are arranged in an isosceles triangular form. The borrindo is made out of soft alluvial clay available in plenty everywhere in the central Indus Valley. Being of the simplest design, it is made even by children. Some adults make fine borrindos of larger size, put pottery designs on them, and bake them. These baked borrindos, with pottery designs, are the later evolved forms of this musical instrument, which appears to have previously been used in its simple unbaked form for a long time. [ citation needed] The sound notes are produced by blowing somewhat horizontally into the larger hole. Finger tips are placed on smaller holes to regulate the notes. Its ease of play makes it popular among children and the youth. [ citation needed] See also [ edit ] The pitch ranges of alto, bass, and soprano C ocarinas are illustrated below. Note that many ocarinas can play a few lower notes, covered under 'subholes' later in this section.
12 Hole Ocarina — Ocarina Tablature, Sheet Music, Tab Editor
In addition to providing more range, multichamber transverse ocarinas also have a few other benefits:
Ocarina types
Some ocarina makers bypass these physical limitations by creating ocarinas that have two or three resonating chambers, each with their own windway and labium. There are two main systems that dictate how these additional chambers are tuned: the Asian system and the Pacchioni system. The Asian system maximizes range by beginning each chamber one semitone higher than the highest note of the previous chamber. The Pacchioni system instead focuses on smoothing the transition between chambers by overlapping their ranges slightly, thereby making it easier to play melodies that fall in that range. [14] Musical notation and tablature [ edit ] Many ocarinas have one or two 'subholes', which are additional holes added to extend the playing range downwards. For example, an alto C ocarina with one subhole allows the B below the tonic to be played. These notes are considered a range extension, thus an alto C does not become an alto B when a subhole is added. Contrabass ocarinas playing an octave lower, and sopranino ocarinas playing an octave higher also exist. Contrabass ocarinas are mostly used in ocarina ensembles. Sopranino ocarinas are rare. As a maker, I have found the inline design acoustically problematic. In summary, placing the voicing at the end of the chamber tends to make these ocarinas more prone to screeching when blown at higher pressures, which limits them to lower pressure tuning.
12 hole ocarina tabs 12 hole ocarina tabs
Molinario Pradelli, Alessandro, ed. (2003). Il suono dell'argilla: l'ocarina di Budrio 150 anni dopo (in Italian). City of Budrio. As for having two notes called the same but not being the same, they are the same note, but one is double the frequency of the other and sounds higher. The musical alphabet (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) repeats with each octave so letters will repeat. The only real way to distinguish them besides looking at a musical staff is to label which octave it is in. The ocarina is a wind musical instrument; it is a type of vessel flute. [1] Variations exist, but a typical ocarina is an enclosed space with four to twelve finger holes and a mouthpiece that projects from the body. It is traditionally made from clay or ceramic, but other materials are also used, such as plastic, wood, glass, metal, or bone. Most multichambered ocarinas only have one thumb hole, allowing the right thumb to just support the instrument. They can play western scales chromatically, or the scales of any other tradition if you wish. The only limit is your ability to hear the pitch in your mind, and adjust to match it. With a microtonal ocarina you absolutely have to listen.Let's walk through all of the ways that the hand can move and observe how they impact your hand's relationship with the ocarina. The rotation of the forearm The 10 hole ocarina is the original design of transverse ocarina, created by Guiseppi Donati in 19th century Italy. They have 10 finger holes and play chromatically over a range of an octave and a fourth, for example C5 to F6. Pendant ocarinas can be made much smaller than a transverse while remaining ergonomic to play. They can thus be made to sound at a higher pitch, and may open up some unique musical possibilities.
12 hole ocarina - A lot of sources, a lot of Scale of a 12 hole ocarina - A lot of sources, a lot of
Sculptural whistles are probably the first ocarinas which developed, and nowadays are often highly decorated with coloured glaze. They make great novelty items, but were never intended to be serious instruments. Pre-Columbian, Peruvian, and Mexican ocarinas Various ancient South American cultures used vessel flutes / ocarinas which as a group can be called 'Pre-Columbian ocarinas', and Mexico also has a similar tradition. Inline – These ocarinas are usually rectangular or oval-shaped and are constructed so that the instrument points away from the musician when played. Most inline ocarinas have a similar or identical fingering system to transverse ocarinas. This trend has also lead to some manufacturers selling ocarinas which are inspired by other media franchises with varying, often poor, playability. Transverse (Sweet potato) – This is the best-known style of ocarina. [8] It has a rounded shape and is held with two hands horizontally. Depending on the number of holes, the player opens one more hole than the previous note to ascend in pitch. The two most common transverse ocarinas are 10-hole (invented by Giuseppe Donati in Italy) and 12-hole. They have a range of between an octave plus a fourth and an octave plus a minor sixth.A multichamber ocarina takes a single chambered ocarina of a given pitch range, such as bass, alto, or soprano, and adds additional chambers which extend the range of the high end. Multichambers are available in pitch ranges from bass to soprano. A bass double starts an octave lower than an alto in the same key, and finishes an octave lower at the top. For more, see ' Multichamber ocarinas and their tuning systems' and ' The fingering systems of multichamber ocarinas'. They have two or three globular chambers either arranged side by side, or in a triangle, and wind-ways combined into one for the player to blow. On most of them I have seen, the base pitches of the chambers are tuned in unison. Some harmony ocarinas utilise a variation of the pendant fingering system arranged linearly for 4 fingers of each hand. With this system each chamber can attain a range of about an octave, at the cost of tuning accuracy.
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