Don't Accept Me As I Am: Helping "Retarded" People to Excel

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Delays in reaching, or failure to achieve milestones in motor skills development (sitting, crawling, walking) Chromosome analysis in all patients; chromosome analysis of parents if translocation is found; pediatric cardiology evaluation with echocardiogram by 6 weeks of age

Core components of behavioral treatments include language and social skills acquisition. Typically, one-to-one training is offered in which a therapist uses a shaping procedure in combination with positive reinforcements to help the child pronounce syllables until words are completed. Sometimes involving pictures and visual aids, therapists aim at improving speech capacity so that short sentences about important daily tasks (e.g. bathroom use, eating, etc.) can be effectively communicated by the child. [43] [44] In a similar fashion, older children benefit from this type of training as they learn to sharpen their social skills such as sharing, taking turns, following instruction, and smiling. [45] At the same time, a movement known as social inclusion attempts to increase valuable interactions between children with an intellectual disability and their non-disabled peers. [46] Cognitive-behavioral treatments, a combination of the previous two treatment types, involves a strategical- metastrategical learning technique [ clarification needed] that teaches children math, language, and other basic skills pertaining to memory and learning. The first goal of the training is to teach the child to be a strategical thinker through making cognitive connections and plans. Then, the therapist teaches the child to be metastrategical by teaching them to discriminate among different tasks and determine which plan or strategy suits each task. [47] Finally, family-oriented strategies delve into empowering the family with the skill set they need to support and encourage their child or children with an intellectual disability. In general, this includes teaching assertiveness skills or behavior management techniques as well as how to ask for help from neighbors, extended family, or day-care staff. [48] As the child ages, parents are then taught how to approach topics such as housing/residential care, employment, and relationships. The ultimate goal for every intervention or technique is to give the child autonomy and a sense of independence using the acquired skills they have. In a 2019 Cochrane review on beginning reading interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disability, small to moderate improvements in phonological awareness, word reading, decoding, expressive and receptive language skills, and reading fluency were noted when these elements were part of the teaching intervention. [49] Fernald, Walter E. (1912). The imbecile with criminal instincts. Fourth edition. Boston: Ellis. OCLC 543795982. Over the past two decades, the term intellectual disability has become preferred by most advocates and researchers in most English-speaking countries. [5] [12] In a 2012 survey of 101 Canadian healthcare professionals, 78% said they would use the term developmental delay with parents over intellectual disability (8%). [65] Expressions like developmentally disabled, [66] special, special needs, or challenged are sometimes used, but have been criticized for "reinforc[ing] the idea that people cannot deal honestly with their disabilities". [67] [68] Sundaram SK, Sivaswamy L, Makki MI, Behen ME, Chugani HT (February 2008). "Absence of arcuate fasciculus in children with global developmental delay of unknown etiology: a diffusion tensor imaging study". The Journal of Pediatrics. 152 (2): 250–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.06.037. PMID 18206698. Others with ID are more noticeably different in how they interact with others. Some people with ID can communicate and learn self-care, whereas others are dependent and need 24-hour care.Jones KL, Smith DW. Smith's recognizable patterns of human malformation. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1997.

Caliph Al-Walid (r. 705–715) built one of the first care homes for individuals with intellectual disabilities and built the first hospital which accommodated intellectually disabled individuals as part of its services. In addition, Al-Walid assigned each intellectually disabled individual a caregiver. [58]Curry CJ, Stevenson RE, Aughton D, Byrne J, Carey JC, Cassidy S, et al. Evaluation of mental retardation: recommendations of a consensus conference: American College of Medical Genetics. Am J Med Genet. 1997;72(4):468-77. The more she talks, the more her frustration surfaces in a need to be heard. “This is my film, my experience and my life,” she says, raising her voice. “I needed to call it that because I feel right now we do not need a lovely, nice documentary that no one will watch. We need a hard-hitting, powerful film that starts a conversation. And this is what I will hopefully do with my film.” But the anger from some disabled people has hurt Jones. “It doesn’t feel good at all,” she says. “Criticism from your own community hits harder. I don’t like that something I’ve made and something I‘m so proud of is creating such upset, because that was not my intention. A lot of people are concerned that I am trying to reclaim the word – I’m not.”